After doing his undergraduate degree at the University of (KwaZulu) Natal, Rudzani Muloiwa trained as a paediatrician at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, obtaining a Fellowship in Paediatrics with the Colleges of Medicines of South Africa (CMSA) in 2004. After this he completed an MSc in public health for developing countries at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). He has an interest in infectious diseases with a special emphasis on vaccine preventable diseases.

Currently he is an Associate Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at the Faculty of Health Science of the University of Cape Town (UCT) and runs the Paediatric and Adolescent HIV Clinical Services at Groote Schuur Hospital. For most of the last three years he has served as both Assistant Dean for Undergraduate Student Affairs and recently as Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at UCT. He is a current member of the Vaccines for Africa Initiative (VACFA) which is located within the School of Public Health and Family Medicine at UCT. Since 2017 A/Prof Muloiwa has served as a member of the South Africa NITAG (NAGI) and a steering committee member of the Global Pertussis Initiative (GPI). A/Prof Muloiwa has been on the Board of World Vision South Africa since 2012.